二、《旧约》的文学成就
作为古代希伯来的文献总汇,《旧约》广泛地反映了巴勒斯坦从原始公社末期至奴隶制形成时期的社会生活。现行《旧约》共39卷,分为“律法书”“历史书”“先知书”和“诗文集”4个部分。
作为古代希伯来人的文学总集,《旧约》中的文学表现堪称丰富多彩。一般来说,人们大致将《旧约》中的文学作品分为神话、故事、诗歌、戏剧、先知预言等几个部类。
(一)神话
神话是希伯来人最早的精神产品,主要保存在《旧约·创世记》的前11章中。与其他民族的神话相比较,古希伯来文学中保存下来的神话较少,主要原因乃是犹太教的一神体系禁止多神崇拜。
古希伯来神话以创世神话和洪水神话最为有名。关于人类起源,在《旧约》中是这样记载的:世界初始乃是一片混沌,上帝耶和华以命名的方式创造了光明与黑暗、海洋与陆地、日月与星辰、动物与植物。在第6天,上帝又按照自己的样子用地上的泥土造了一个男人,取名亚当,此后又在亚当熟睡时,从他身上取下一根肋骨,造了一个女人做他的妻子,名叫夏娃。后来在蛇的引诱下,亚当、夏娃违背上帝的旨意,偷吃了智慧树上的禁果,被耶和华逐出了伊甸园。
《旧约》中的创世神话,反映了上古人类对天地万物、人类起源的朴素想象与理解。失乐园神话则表现了人类敢于违抗神意、渴求智慧的反叛精神。相较之下,失乐园神话对世界文化产生的影响更为深刻和久远。犹太教和基督教认为人类受到上帝的惩罚和诅咒,乃是源于“原罪”的观念就起源于此。“伊甸园”“禁果”“智慧树”等表述亦不胫而走,成为不断为后人引用的典故。
《旧约》中的另一则著名神话当属洪水神话。耶和华神创世以后,发现人类的罪恶越来越大,决定用洪水灭之。在此之前,他叫义人挪亚躲避洪水。挪亚秉承神意,造成了一只巨大的方舟,带着一对对飞禽走兽躲入舟中。洪水来后,其他一切生灵全都死了,40多天之后,挪亚先后两次放出鸽子;第二次放出的鸽子飞回时,衔着一支崭新的橄榄枝,表明洪水已经退去。洪水退后,挪亚把方舟中的活物放出,从此人类和动物才得以生存和延续下来。
这则洪水神话是在巴比伦大洪水基础上创造出来的,包含了部分历史真实。它一方面反映了上古人类对洪水灾害的畏惧心理,另一方面也反映了人类战胜洪水的强烈愿望。洪水神话是在东方各大神话体系中都有的一个文学母题,而其中当数希伯来人的这个洪水神话影响最大。后世人所熟知的“方舟”“橄榄树”“鸽子”的象征意义均来自这个神话。
(二)故事
《旧约》中有很多故事,包括历史故事、英雄故事、生活故事等。历史故事以《出埃及记》最为有名。故事讲述雅格的儿子约瑟,因只知享受,被兄弟们嫉恨,被卖给过路的埃及商人。约瑟到埃及后,时来运转,做了宰相。约瑟死后,他的子孙在埃及繁衍发展起来。埃及法老唯恐以色列人强大对他不利,就用严刑峻法残酷对待他们。以色列人不堪忍受屈辱的生活,决心逃出埃及。他们在摩西的率领下,在沙漠中经过40年的艰苦长征,终于回到了迦南。《出埃及记》情节曲折,生动感人,极富传奇性和浪漫主义色彩。
英雄故事中的杰作为《大卫的故事》和《力士参孙》。大卫是耶西的小儿子,一日在野外牧羊时,听说扫罗的军队与腓利士人作战接连失利,遂主动请战,机智地用弹弓发石子击中了腓利士首领歌利亚的头部,并乘机杀之。大卫的胜利,使以色列人大为振奋,人们作歌赞颂“扫罗胜千千,大卫胜万万”。后来,大卫继承扫罗任以色列国王,干出了一番事业。
参孙是上帝施恩给玛挪亚的妻子所生的男孩,自幼就有超人的力量,曾徒手撕裂过凶狮。他长大后做了以色列的士师(军事领袖),战无不胜,令敌人闻风丧胆。后来,由于情人大利拉的出卖,腓利士人知道了参孙的头发是力量的源泉,于是在他熟睡时剃去了他头上的七条发绺,挖掉他的双眼,将其投进地牢。不久,参孙的头发又长了出来。一天,腓利士人举行宗教大祭,把参孙困在一个大厅中百般侮辱和奚落。面对强敌,参孙心中燃起满腔怒火,他机智地手抱双柱,发力将其折断以致大厅倾覆,与数千敌人同归于尽。这个故事通过生动感人的情节,歌颂了参孙勇敢的牺牲精神和不可战胜的力量。
生活故事中比较突出的有《路得记》和所罗门断案的故事。《路得记》是一篇完备的短篇小说。作品写年轻女子路得在丈夫死后,仍与婆母相依为命不离不弃,后波阿斯主动帮助她,并娶她为妻。故事弘扬了相濡以沫、和睦友爱的善良品德,肯定了寡妇再嫁和异族通婚。歌德称赞它是一篇最可爱的牧歌。
在《列王记》中,所罗门被描绘为一个具有无限智慧、公正贤明的君主。他在处理两妇人争夺一个孩子的疑案中,用出人意料的方式辨察具有慈母情怀者,从而巧妙、公正地将孩子判还给真正的母亲,博得了众人的称赞。
(三)诗歌
诗歌在《旧约》中具有重要地位。有人统计《旧约》中诗歌的篇幅约占总篇幅的四分之一,中文译文当在30万字之上。其中,《诗篇》是最大的一部诗集,《箴言》是最著名的格言诗集,《传道书》是充满复杂的哲理诗集,《雅歌》是歌咏爱情的最美的诗集,《哀歌》乃是抒发希伯来人亡国之痛的最沉痛的诗集。《旧约》中的诗歌在思想上和艺术上都取得了较高的成就,而以《雅歌》和《哀歌》诗艺最为圆熟。
《雅歌》是一部爱情诗集,全诗共8集。最初是民间情歌的汇集,后来可能经过了文人的加工。《雅歌》又名《歌中之歌》,意谓“所有诗歌中最美的诗歌”,表现了古希伯来人的爱情理想与希望,具有浓郁的生活气息而少有宗教意味,堪称古希伯来文学中不可多得的艺术瑰宝。
《雅歌》中的很多诗写出了古希伯来人对爱情细腻而又深刻的体验。
(新娘)
我是沙仑野地的玫瑰花
是山谷里的百合花
(新郎)
我的爱人在女子中
正像是荆棘中的百合花
这首诗比喻奇特、意象清新。女子想象自己是山谷百合,遗世独立、渴望爱情;而男子则满怀希望追求,又怕被拒绝,故而称其为“荆棘里的百合花”,奇妙的比喻、温柔的情怀使人遐想联翩。
《雅歌》中不少诗作喜欢使用比喻、排比等艺术手法。
我亲爱的人,
你的双唇上有蜜的甘甜,
你的柔舌是奶之蜜,为我奉献。
我的心上人,我的新娘,是神秘的花园,
一座高墙紧锁的花园,一处隐秘的泉。
……
你像椰枣树一般婆娑多姿,
你的**像树上丰满的果实,
我要攀上这椰枣树,
来采摘她的嫩果。
你的**就像树枝伸出,让我抓握,
你的气息芬芳,赛过苹果,
你的嘴像最好的美酒醉我。
诗中艳而不俗的隐喻,既含蓄又大胆,细致地写出了男女间性的吸引;而排比句式的运用,则在一唱三叹的旋律中透出了情的真挚。用如此生动、感性、新奇的比喻来描写和抒发男女欢爱之情,这在世界上古文学史上堪称罕见。
《哀歌》是一部抒情诗集,由5章组成,相传为古希伯来先知耶利米所作,故又称《耶利米哀歌》。《哀歌》写尽了人间世事沧桑,故国兴亡之痛,凝聚了强烈的爱国主义感情。
我眼中流泪,以致失明,
我的心肠扰乱,肝胆涂地。
这样的诗句,情真意切,哀怨动人,再现了耶路撒冷遭受浩劫,诗人内心的沉痛。但诗人在极度痛苦之中仍对未来抱有希望,他祈求耶和华:“复兴我们的日子,像古时一样。”后来每当希伯来人集会悼念亡国之时,人们都要颂读哀歌,哀叹亡国之恨,抒发复国之情。《哀歌》历来都被视为“希伯来民族的绝唱”。
(四)戏剧
《约伯记》是《旧约》中的一部著名哲理诗剧,大约作于公元前5世纪中叶。故事说有一个叫约伯的义人,敬畏上帝,品德高尚,家中儿孙满堂,牛羊成群。撒旦对上帝叫板:“你且伸手毁他一切所有的,他必当面毁弃你。”于是,上帝同意撒旦去考验约伯。约伯家因此灾难连连:财产丧失了,子女家人先后死去……但约伯始终信仰上帝。最后撒旦让约伯本人浑身长满毒疮,疼痛难忍,约伯开始怀疑上帝,但旋即他就意识到自己的错误,并向上帝忏悔。在苦难中,秉守了自己信仰的约伯最终再次蒙受上帝的恩典,有了比原来更多的子女与财富。
在古希伯来文学中,“人与上帝的关系”是经常被检视和表现的重要主题。《约伯记》作为体现这一主题的名篇,对后世西方文学影响十分深远。歌德、陀思妥耶夫斯基、卡夫卡等经典作家均在自己的创作中再现了这一主题。
(五)先知文学
《旧约》中的先知文学,是最能体现希伯来文学民族特色的文体之一。根据犹太教规,“先知”是最先领悟上帝旨意的人,亦即上帝在人世间的代言人。实际上,先知们是一批生活于“巴比伦之囚”前后三四百年的希伯来爱国志士。在内忧外患的年代,他们目睹社会矛盾与社会罪恶,深感民族灾难深重,就激愤地吟诗撰文,抨击当权者,告诫人民弃恶从善,同心同德,共渡难关。先知文学以演说、政论等形式,深刻地反映了时代风貌和社会矛盾。代表作品有《阿摩司书》《以赛亚书》《弥迦书》《耶利米书》《哈巴界书》等。先知文学语言生动,尖锐泼辣,充满**,具有较强的艺术感染力。
总之,《旧约》作为古希伯来的文学总集,题材广泛,内容丰富,体裁样式多样,体现了古希伯来人卓越的文学创造才能。作为欧洲文学与文化的两大来源之一,《旧约》中的文学篇章对西方文学与西方文化的发展产生了巨大影响。
思考题:
1.《旧约》得以产生的社会—文化背景是什么?
2.《旧约》中著名的创世神话有哪些?
3.《旧约》中的故事分为哪几种类型?各自的代表作是什么?
4.《旧约》中有哪些著名的诗集?
5.比较《诗经》与《雅歌》中爱情诗的异同。
原典选读
《圣经·旧约》(节选)
(古希伯来)
神话·故事
《创世记》
2:15 耶和华神将那人安置在伊甸园,使他修理看守。
And the LORD God took the man,and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it.
2:16 耶和华神吩咐他说,园中各样树上的果子,你可以随意吃。
And the LORD God commanded the man,saying,Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat.
2:17 只是分别善恶树上的果子,你不可吃,因为你吃的日子必定死。
But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil,thou shalt not eat of it:for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.
2:18 耶和华神说,那人独居不好,我要为他造一个配偶帮助他。
And the LORD God said,It is not good that the man should be alone;I will make him an help meet for him.
2:19 耶和华神用土所造成的野地各样走兽和空中各样飞鸟都带到那人面前,看他叫什么。那人怎样叫各样的活物,那就赐它的名字。
And out of the ground the LORD God formed every beast of the field,and every fowl of the air;and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them:and whatsoever Adam called every living creature,that was the name thereof.
2:20 那人便给一切牲畜和空中飞鸟,野地走兽都起了名。只是那人没有遇见配偶帮助他。
And Adam gave names to all cattle,and to the fowl of the air,and to every beast of the field;but for Adam there was not found an help meet for him.
2:21 耶和华神使他沉睡,他就睡了。于是取下他的一条肋骨,又把肉合起来。
And the LORD God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam,and he slept:and he took one of his ribs,and closed up the flesh instead thereof.
2:22 耶和华神就用那人身上所取的肋骨,造成一个女人,领她到那人跟前。
And the rib,which the LORD God had taken from man,made he a woman,and brought her unto the man.
2:23 那人说,这是我骨中的骨,肉中的肉,可以称她为女人,因为她是从男人身上取出来的。
And Adam said,This is now bone of my bones,and flesh of my flesh:she shall be called Woman,because she was taken out of Man.
2:24 因此,人要离开父母与妻子连合,二人成为一体。
Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother,and shall cleave unto his wife:and they shall be one flesh.
2:25 当时夫妻二人赤身露体,并不羞耻。
And they were both naked,the man and his wife,and were not ashamed.
3:1 耶和华神所造的,惟有蛇比田野一切的活物更狡猾。蛇对女人说,神岂是真说,不许你们吃园中所有树上的果子吗?
Now the serpent was more subtil than any beast of the field which the LORD God had made.And he said unto the woman,Yea,hath God said,Ye shall not eat of every tree of the garden?
3:2 女人对蛇说,园中树上的果子,我们可以吃,
And the woman said unto the serpent,We may eat of the fruit of the trees of the garden:
3:3 惟有园当中那棵树上的果子,神曾说,你们不可吃,也不可摸,免得你们死。
But of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden,God hath said,Ye shall not eat of it,neither shall ye touch it,lest ye die.
3:4 蛇对女人说,你们不一定死,
And the serpent said unto the woman,Ye shall not surely die:
3:5 因为神知道,你们吃的日子眼睛就明亮了,你们便如神能知道善恶。
For God doth know that in the day ye eat thereof,then your eyes shall be opened,and ye shall be as gods,knowing good and evil.
3:6 于是女人见那棵树的果子好作食物,也悦人的眼目,且是可喜爱的,能使人有智慧,就摘下果子来吃了。又给她丈夫,她丈夫也吃了。
And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food,and that it was pleasant to the eyes,and a tree to be desired to make one wise,she took of the fruit thereof,and did eat,and gave also unto her husband with her;and he did eat.
3:7 他们二人的眼睛就明亮了,才知道自己是赤身露体,便拿无花果树的叶子,为自己编作裙子。
And the eyes of them both were opened,and they knew that they were naked;and they sewed fig leaves together,and made themselves aprons.
3:8 天起了凉风,耶和华神在园中行走。那人和他妻子听见神的声音,就藏在园里的树木中,躲避耶和华神的面。
And they heard the voice of the LORD God walking in the garden in the cool of the day:and Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the LORD God amongst the trees of the garden.
3:9 耶和华神呼唤那人,对他说,你在哪里?
And the LORD God called unto Adam,and said unto him,Where art thou?
3:10 他说,我在园中听见你的声音,我就害怕。因为我赤身露体,我便藏了。
And he said,I heard thy voice in the garden,and I was afraid,because I was naked;and I hid myself.
3:11 耶和华说,谁告诉你赤身露体呢,莫非你吃了我吩咐你不可吃的那树上的果子吗?
And he said,Who told thee that thou wast naked? Hast thou eaten of the tree,whereof I commanded thee that thou shouldest not eat?
3:12 那人说,你所赐给我,与我同居的女人,她把那树上的果子给我,我就吃了。
And the man said,The woman whom thou gavest to be with me,she gave me of the tree,and I did eat.
3:13 耶和华神对女人说,你作的是什么事呢。女人说,那蛇引诱我,我就吃了。
And the LORD God said unto the woman,What is this that thou hast done? And the woman said,The serpent beguiled me,and I did eat.
3:14 耶和华神对蛇说,你既做了这事,就必受咒诅,比一切的牲畜野兽更甚。你必用肚子行走,终身吃土。
And the LORD God said unto the serpent,Because thou hast done this,thou art cursed above all cattle,and above every beast of the field;upon thy belly shalt thou go,and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life:
3:15 我又要叫你和女人彼此为仇。你的后裔和女人的后裔也彼此为仇。女人的后裔要伤你的头,你要伤他的脚跟。
And I will put enmity between thee and the woman,and between thy seed and her seed;it shall bruise thy head,and thou shalt bruise his heel.
3:16 又对女人说,我必多多加增你怀胎的苦楚,你生产儿女必多受苦楚。你必恋慕你丈夫,你丈夫必管辖你。
Unto the woman he said,I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy conception;in sorrow thou shalt bring forth children;and thy desire shall be to thy husband,and he shall rule over thee.
3:17 又对亚当说,你既听从妻子的话,吃了我所吩咐你不可吃的那树上的果子,地必为你的缘故受咒诅。你必终身劳苦,才能从地里得吃的。
And unto Adam he said,Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife,and hast eaten of the tree,of which I commanded thee,saying,Thou shalt not eat of it:cursed is the ground for thy sake;in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life;
3:18 地必给你长出荆棘和蒺藜来,你也要吃田间的菜蔬。
Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee;and thou shalt eat the herb of the field;
3:19 你必汗流满面才得糊口,直到你归了土,因为你是从土而出的。你本是尘土,仍要归于尘土。
In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread,till thou return unto the ground;for out of it wast thou taken:for dust thou art,and unto dust shalt thou return.
3:20 亚当给他妻子起名叫夏娃,因为她是众生之母。
And Adam called his wife's name Eve;because she was the mother of all living.
3:21 耶和华神为亚当和他妻子用皮子做衣服给他们穿。
Unto Adam also and to his wife did the LORD God make coats of skins,and clothed them.
3:22 耶和华神说,那人已经与我们相似,能知道善恶。现在恐怕他伸手又摘生命树的果子吃,就永远活着。
And the LORD God said,Behold,the man is become as one of us,to know good and evil:and now,lest he put forth his hand,and take also of the tree of life,and eat,and live for ever:
3:23 耶和华神便打发他出伊甸园去,耕种他所自出之土。
Therefore the LORD God sent him forth from the garden of Eden,to till the ground from whence he was taken.
3:24 于是把他赶出去了。又在伊甸园的东边安设基路伯和四面转动发火焰的剑,要把守生命树的道路。
So he drove out the man;and he placed at the east of the garden of Eden Cherubims,and a flaming sword which turned every way,to keep the way of the tree of life.
诗歌·箴言
《传道书》第一章
1:2 传道者说,虚空的虚空,虚空的虚空。凡事都是虚空。
Vanity of vanities,saith the Preacher,vanity of vanities;all is vanity.
1:3 人一切的劳碌,就是他在日光之下的劳碌,有什么益处呢?
What profit hath a man of all his labour which he taketh under the sun?
1:4 一代过去,一代又来。地却永远长存。
One generation passeth away,and another generation cometh:but the earth abideth for ever.
1:5 日头出来,日头落下,急归所出之地。
The sun also ariseth,and the sun goeth down,and hasteth to his place where he arose.
1:6 风往南刮,又向北转,不住地旋转,而且返回转行原道。
The wind goeth toward the south,and turneth about unto the north;it whirleth about continually,and the wind returneth again according to his circuits.
1:7 江河都往海里流,海却不满。江河从何处流,仍归何处。
All the rivers run into the sea;yet the sea is not full;unto the place from whence the rivers come,thither they return again.
1:8 万事令人厌烦。(或作万物满有困乏)人不能说尽。眼看,看不饱,耳听,听不足。
All things are full of labour;man cannot utter it:the eye is not satisfied with seeing,nor the ear filled with hearing.
1:9 已有的事,后必再有。已行的事,后必再行。日光之下并无新事。
The thing that hath been,it is that which shall be;and that which is done is that which shall be done:and there is no new thing under the sun.
1:10 岂有一件事人能指着说,这是新的。那知,在我们以前的世代,早已有了。
Is there any thing whereof it may be said,See,this is new? it hath been already of old time,which was before us.
1:11 已过的世代,无人记念,将来的世代,后来的人也不记念。
There is no remembrance of former things;neither shall there be any remembrance of things that are to come with those that shall come after.
《传道书》第三章
3:1 凡事都有定期,天下万务都有定时。
To every thing there is a season,and a time to every purpose under the heaven:
3:2 生有时,死有时。栽种有时,拔出所栽种的,也有时。
A time to be born,and a time to die;a time to plant,and a time to pluck up that which is planted;
3:3 杀戮有时,医治有时。拆毁有时,建造有时。
A time to kill,and a time to heal;a time to break down,and a time to build up;
3:4 哭有时,笑有时。哀恸有时,跳舞有时。
A time to weep,and a time to laugh;a time to mourn,and a time to dance;
3:5 抛掷石头有时,堆聚石头有时。怀抱有时,不怀抱有时。
A time to cast away stones,and a time to gather stones together;a time to embrace,and a time to refrain from embracing;
3:6 寻梢有时,失落有时。保守有时,舍弃有时。
A time to get,and a time to lose;a time to keep,and a time to cast away;
3:7 撕裂有时,缝补有时。静默有时,言语有时。
A time to rend,and a time to sew;a time to keep silence,and a time to speak;
3:8 喜爱有时,恨恶有时。争战有时,和好有时。
A time to love,and a time to hate;a time of war,and a time of peace.
3:9 这样看来,做事的人在他的劳碌上有什么益处呢?
What profit hath he that worketh in that wherein he laboureth?
3:10 我见神叫世人劳苦,使他们在其中受经练。
I have seen the travail,which God hath given to the sons of men to be exercised in it.
3:11 神造万物,各按其时成为美好。又将永生安置在世人心里。然而神从始至终的作为,人不能参透。
He hath made every thing beautiful in his time:also he hath set the world in their heart,so that no man can find out the work that God maketh from the beginning to the end.
3:12 我知道世人,莫强如终身喜乐行善。
I know that there is no good in them,but for a man to rejoice,and to do good in his life.
3:13 并且人人吃喝,在他一切劳碌中享福。这也是神的恩赐。
And also that every man should eat and drink,and enjoy the good of all his labour,it is the gift of God.
3:14 我知道神一切所做的,都必永存,无所增添,无所减少。神这样行,是要人在他面前存敬畏的心。
I know that,whatsoever God doeth,it shall be forever:nothing can be put to it,nor any thing taken from it:and God doeth it,that men should fear before him.
3:15 现今的事早先就有了。将来的事早已也有了。并且神使已过的事重新再来。
That which hath been is now;and that which is to be hath already been;and God requireth that which is past.
3:16 我又见日光之下,在审判之处有奸恶。在公义之处也有奸恶。
And moreover I saw under the sun the place of judgment,that wickedness was there;and the place of righteousness,that iniquity was there.
3:17 我心里说,神必审判义人和恶人。因为在那里,各样事务,一切工作,都有定时。
I said in mine heart,God shall judge the righteous and the wicked:for there is a time there for every purpose and for every work.
3:18 我心里说,这乃为世人的缘故,是神要试验他们,使他们觉得自己不过像兽一样。
I said in mine heart concerning the estate of the sons of men,that God might manifest them,and that they might see that they themselves are beasts.
3:19 因为世人遭遇的,兽也遭遇。所遭遇的都是一样。这个怎样死,那个也怎样死。气息都是一样。人不能强于兽。都是虚空。
For that which befalleth the sons of men befalleth beasts;even one thing befalleth them:as the one dieth,so dieth the other;yea,they have all one breath;so that a man hath no preeminence above a beast:for all is vanity.
3:20 都归一处。都是出于尘土,也都归于尘土。
All go unto one place;all are of the dust,and all turn to dust again.
3:21 谁知道人的灵是往上升,兽的魂是下入地呢?
Who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward,and the spirit of the beast that goeth downward to the earth?
3:22 故此,我见人,莫强如他经营的事上喜乐。因为这是他的分。他身后的事,谁能使他回来得见呢?
Wherefore I perceive that there is nothing better,than that a man should rejoice in his own works;for that is his portion:for who shall bring him to see what shall be after him?
《雅歌》第一章
1:1 所罗门的歌,是歌中的雅歌。
The song of songs,which is Solomon's.
1:2 愿他用口与我亲嘴。因你的爱情比酒更美。
Let him kiss me with the kisses of his mouth:for thy love is better than wine.
1:3 你的膏油馨香。你的名如同倒出来的香膏,所以众童女都爱你。
Because of the savour of thy good ointments thy name is as ointment poured forth,therefore do the virgins love thee.
1:4 愿你吸引我,我们就快跑跟随你。王带我进了内室,我们必因你欢喜快乐。我们要称赞你的爱情,胜似称赞美酒。他们爱你是理所当然的。
Draw me,we will run after thee:the king hath brought me into his chambers:we will be glad and rejoice in thee,we will remember thy love more than wine:the upright love thee.
1:5 耶路撒冷的众女子阿,我虽然黑,却是秀美,如同基达的帐棚,好像所罗门的幔子。
I am black,but comely,O ye daughters of Jerusalem,as the tents of Kedar,as the curtains of Solomon.
1:6 不要因日头把我晒黑了,就轻看我。我同母的弟兄向我发怒,他们使我看守葡萄园,我自己的葡萄园却没有看守。
Look not upon me,because I am black,because the sun hath looked upon me:my mother's children were angry with me;they made me the keeper of the vineyards;but mine own vineyard have I not kept.
1:7 我心所爱的阿,求你告诉我,你在何处牧羊,晌午在何处使羊歇卧。我何必在你同伴的羊群旁边,好像蒙着脸的人呢?
Tell me,O thou whom my soul loveth,where thou feedest,where thou makest thy flock to rest at noon:for why should I be as one that turneth aside by the flocks of thy companions?
1:8 你这女子中极美丽的,你若不知道,只管跟随羊群的脚踪去,把你的山羊羔牧放在牧人帐棚的旁边。
If thou know not,O thou fairest among women,go thy way forth by the footsteps of the flock,and feed thy kids beside the shepherds' tents.
1:9 我的佳偶,我将你比法老车上套的骏马。
I have compared thee,O my love,to a company of horses in Pharaoh's chariots.
1:10 你的两腮因发辫而秀美,你的颈项因珠串而华丽。
Thy cheeks are comely with rows of jewels,thy neck with chains of gold.
1:11 我们要为你编上金辫,镶上银钉。
We will make thee borders of gold with studs of silver.
1:12 王正坐席的时候,我的哪哒香膏发出香味。
While the king sitteth at his table,my spikenard sendeth forth the smell thereof.
1:13 我以我的良人为一袋没药,常在我怀中。
A bundle of myrrh is my well-beloved unto me;he shall lie all night betwixt my breasts.
1:14 我以我的良人为一棵凤仙花,在隐基底葡萄园中。
My beloved is unto me as a cluster of camphire in the vineyards of Engedi.
1:15 我的佳偶,你甚美丽,你甚美丽,你的眼好像鸽子眼。
Behold,thou art fair,my love;behold,thou art fair;thou hast doves' eyes.
1:16 我的良人哪,你甚美丽可爱,我们以青草为床榻,
Behold,thou art fair,my beloved,yea,pleasant:also our bed is green.
1:17 以香柏树为房屋的栋梁,以松树为椽子。
The beams of our house are cedar,and our rafters of fir.
《诗篇》第十二章
12:6 耶和华的言语,是纯净的言语。如同银子在泥炉中炼过七次。
The words of the LORD are pure words:as silver tried in a furnace of earth,purified seven times.
12:7 耶和华阿,你必保护他们。你必保佑他们永远脱离这世代的人。
Thou shalt keep them,O LORD,thou shalt preserve them from this generation for ever.
12:8 下流人在世人中升高,就有恶人到处游行。
The wicked walk on every side,when the vilest men are exalted.
《箴言》第十四章
14:12 有一条路人以为正。至终成为死亡之路。
There is a way which seemeth right unto a man,but the end thereof are the ways of death.
14:13 人在喜笑中,心也忧愁。快乐至极,就生愁苦。
Even in laughter the heart is sorrowful;and the end of that mirth is heaviness.
14:14 心中背道的,必满得自己的结果。善人必从自己(的行为)得以知足。
The backslider in heart shall be filled with his own ways:and a good man shall be satisfied from himself.
《雅歌》第八章
8:6 求你将我放在心上如印记,带在你臂上如戳记。因为爱情如死之坚强。嫉恨如阴间之残忍。所发的电光,是火焰的电光,是耶和华的烈焰。
Set me as a seal upon thine heart,as a seal upon thine arm:for love is strong as death;jealousy is cruel as the grave:the coals thereof are coals of fire,which hath a most vehement flame.
8:7 爱情众水不能熄灭,大水也不能淹没。若有人拿家中所有的财宝要换爱情,就全被藐视。
Many waters cannot quench love,neither can the floods drown it:if a man would give all the substance of his house for love,it would utterly be contemned.
(中文译本为简体中文和合本)