第二节 武术的特点与作用

Section 2 The Characteristics and Functions of Wushu

一、武术的特点 Wushu's Characteristics

（一）技击特点 Characteristics of Attack and Defence

武术动作具有攻防技击性，它的技术来源于技击实践。武术正是具备了这样的特点和本质属性，才得以区别其他体育项目。如散打、短兵等搏斗运动都只是从体育的角度出发，受到竞赛规则的制约，比赛中以不伤害对方为原则，集中体现了武术攻防格斗的特点。

The essence of Wushu is the attacking and defending nature of the movement.The skills come from real combating.This character and nature distinguishes Wushu from other sports.For example，both Sanda and Duanbing reflect the attacking and defending nature of Wushu.According to the sports competition rules that the principle is to avoid hurting the opponent in Wushu competition.

武术的技击特点使武术形成了自己的完整技术体系，作为中国武术特有表现形式的武术套路，虽然拳种不同，风格各异，但其都是以踢、打、摔、拿、击、刺、劈等攻防技击动作构成套路的主要内容。

The combating nature enables Wushu to form a complete skill system of its own.Taolu(series of skills) as a special form of Chinese Wushu, includes different forms and styles，but all the forms are in common in terms of the movements for attacking and defending，such as Ti(kick)，Da(hit)，Shuai(wrestle)，Na(hold)，Ji(beat)，Ci(thrust)and Pi(hack) etc..

表现攻与防的内在含义与精神是套路技术的核心。随着竞技武术技术的发展，武术套路技击特点有所减弱，但武术的本质特征——技击性，仍将作为武术技术最根本的特点长期存在。

The core of Taolu skill is to demonstrate the meaning and spirit of attacking and defending.With the development of Wushu skills that the combating function of Wushu Taolu has been weakened，but the combat nature of Wushu will still exist in the long run as the most significant feature of Wushu skills.

（二）和谐统一、形神兼备的运动特点 Harmonious and Integral，Physical and Spritiual—Characteristics of Wushu

中国传统文化的最高价值原则是和谐统一，既讲究动作的形体规范，又要求精气神传意、内外合一的整体运动观，这是中国武术的一大特点。

The ultimate value of traditional Chinese culture lies in harmony and unity.Chinese Wushu emphasizes both standardized movements and the unity of body and spirit.

注重个人身心动作的和谐，强调“内三合”和“外三合”，关于内外相合的理论在武术不同拳种中都曾有所提及，可以认为它是中国武术各拳种的一个共同要求。所谓内，指人的精神、意识和气息的运行；所谓外，指人体手、眼、身、步的形体活动。

The harmony of body and spirit is a common requirement of various types and schools of Chinese Wushu.The theories of“three inner unities” and“three external unities” have been mentioned in different types and styles of Wushu.The“inner” refers to the circulation of spirit，consciousness and breath；the“external”means movements of hands, eyes，steps etc..

不论是哪路拳种，套路演练在技术上都特别要求把内在的精气神与外部的形体动作紧密结合，形成和谐统一、形神兼备的运动特点，这一特点充分体现了武术作为一种文化形式，在长期的历史演变中备受中国古代哲学、医学、美学等方面的渗透和影响。形神问题不仅是一个技术问题，更是中国传统文化特点在武术运动中的集中表现。

All Quans and Taolu require the harmony and unity of spirit and body movements.It reflects the fact that Wushu has been affected by ancient Chinese philosophy，medicine and esthetics during its long-term of development.The unity of body and spirit is not only an issue of skills, but also the reflection of traditional Chinese culture in the form of Wushu.

（三）内容丰富多彩、兼容并蓄的特点 The Rich and Inclusive Content

武术的内容和练习形式丰富多样，不同类别的武术项目其练功方法、动作结构、技术要求、运动风格和运动负荷不尽相同，分别适应不同年龄、性别、职业、体质的人的需要，人们可以根据自己的条件和兴趣爱好加以选择。同时，武术运动不受时间、季节的限制，场地器材也可以因陋就简，这种广泛性给开展群众性体育活动创造了有利的条件。

Wushu has colorful with various contents and practice forms.Different types of Wushu have different practice methods，movement structures，skill requirements，styles and exercise load.They are suitable respectively for people of different age，gender，profession and health condition，and they are optional according to individual condition and interest.Besides，Wushu is not restricted by time，season and facilities, which is the advantageous condition for the mass of people to practice Wushu.