二、咏春拳的技法特点

Movement Characteristics of Yongchun Quan

（一）简单实用性 Simple Practicality

咏春拳的内容比较简单，整个拳术只有小念头、寻桥、标指三个套路以及木人桩，每个套路都比较简短，并且所有的技术动作都包含在小念头套路中，共25手，5分钟就可以完成所有动作。咏春拳的手形主要是凤眼拳和柳叶拳，手法以三傍手为主，步形和步法也很简单。这些基本动作任意组合便构成了许多组合拳、组合手法、腿法等技击动作以及木人桩技术动作。此外，咏春拳擅长近身搏击，其招式多变、运用灵活、善发寸劲，用最简单的动作完成最直接的进攻，因此，咏春拳具有很强的实用性。咏春拳马步灵活、起落快速、左右兼顾，善于以小挫大、以弱胜强，主要以双手整体进攻、集中歼敌的“来留去送”和“甩手直冲”的打法给予对手制约和打击。这种双手兼顾、一鼓作气的快攻，手似刀剑，同出同入，连打带削形成多面手进攻优势，在以一打多的形势下不落下风。李小龙创立的截拳道也吸纳了咏春拳简单实用的特点，具有很强的实战性。

Yongchun is relatively simple and only includes Yongchun wooden dummy and three set patterns Siu Nim Tao, Chum Kiu sinking bridge form and spear finger all of which are relatively brief.All of the technical action routines are contained in Siu Nim Tao, a total of 25 shou taking 5 minutes to finish.Yongchun hand type is mainly Cheng fist(fist like phoenix's eye) and willow fist based on three alongside hand with simple foot type and technique.Any combinations of these basic actions constitute a lot of combination punches, combination techniques, such as leg movements and wooden dummy martial technical movements.In addition, Yongchun specializes in fighting near the body, varies in movements with flexible application and appropriate strength, and completes the most direct attack with most simple actions.Therefore, it has a strong practical value.Yongchun has flexible horse stance, rapid ups and downs, and covers both left and right.It is adapt in defeating the big with the small and the strong with the weak.It constrains and gives blow to opponents with concentrated body count techniques of force controlling by hands.The two-hand quick attack fights with a cut to form versatile offensive advantage, and the two-hand sword-like fighting remains overriding even under the circumstance of one fighting more.Later Jeet Kune Do founded by Bruce Lee also absorbs the simple and practical features of Yongchun, and has a highly practical nature.

（二）攻守兼备性 Achieving both Defense and Offense

咏春拳讲究攻守兼备、守攻同期。在心法、手法方面注重左右兼顾，以最短的距离和时间用寸劲进攻和防守。咏春拳的中线理论讲究在进攻方面要沿中线向对方做最短距离的攻击，防守方面守中线以分水的方法消掉对手最短距离的进攻。“来留去送”心法讲究的是用桥手相接的感觉将对方的力控制住，然后借助方向的改变给对手以还击，这一守一攻是咏春拳典型的打法。“守攻同期”讲的是在消掉对方进攻强力的同时，在可能的范围内发招还击对手，变被动为主动而后发制人。此外，在攻防的时候还要注意以下几点：首先，消手时不能超过防守所需的范围，即对方不能击中便无需消手；其次，不能离开防守所需范围来追接对方的桥手；最后，出手时重心要稳，不需要借助位置来发力。“寸劲”是咏春拳用于攻防的最重要的发力方式，此力短暂且爆发性强，能在短时间、短距离内迸发出较强的杀伤力，在咏春拳的攻防体系中发挥着重要的作用。

Yongchun attends to defense and offense simultaneously.In heart cultivation method and hand technique, it covers both left and right and makes offense and defense with appropriate strength in the shortest distance and time.The midline theory of Yongchun is to attack opponent with the shortest distance in offense and in defense guard the midline with a watershed approach to offset opponent's shortest distance attack.The mental cultivation method of force controlling is to regulate opponent's force by bridge hand connection and then attack others with change of direction, which is a typical fighting of Yongchun.“Making offense while defending” means to make counterattacks within possible range changing from being passive to active while offset opponents’ attack force.Besides, the following points must be taken into account during offense and defense: Firstly, they can not hand over the required range of defense, namely they need not to handle the mishit.Secondly, they can not leave the defense range to chase after opponent's bridge hand.Thirdly, the center of gravity must remain steady when they make moves and do not have to resort to force position.“Appropriate strength” is the most important force-making way in Yongchun offense and defense.The force is brief and explosive and is able to burst out strong lethality in a short time within a short distance, which exerts an important influence in Yongchun offensive and defensive system.

（三）科学完整性 Scientific Integrity

咏春拳是一种科学化、人工化的拳术。其理论和心法具有一定的科学性，例如中线理论，讲究沿中线进攻敌人中线，同样也沿中线消解敌人的进攻，从而在最短的距离和最短的时间内猛攻。还有朝面追形、埋踭理论、收踭理论、来留去送以及甩手直冲心法等都符合一定的力学原理。咏春拳的手法快如闪电，防风雨而不透，这与其“四门”原理是密切相关的。所谓“四门”原理就是在身体正面画个四方形，然后将其分成四个面积均等的方形区域，以抵挡对手的进攻，“四门”的标准是低于眉、窄于肩、高于腿。此外，咏春拳是一种系统完整的拳术，主要是由于有与套路打法相配套的手训练。咏春拳徒手实战主要是迫使对手近身格斗，借助感知来做出快速的反应，黏手训练就是锻炼双手的触觉反应以达到“无招胜有招”的境界。咏春拳的实战性很强，在战术上有一定的思想和哲理。

Yongchun is a scientific, artificial boxing.Its theory and heart cultivation method has certain scientific bases.For example, the midline theory focuses on attacking the enemy's offensive line along the midline and also offset the enemy's attack along the midline and make onslaught within the shortest distance in the shortest possible time.Theories like“towards face, after shape”, elbow turning theories, force controlling theories also conform to certain principles of mechanics.Yongchun is as swift as lightning, weatherproof but not penetrating which is closely related to a“four-section” principle.The so-called“four-section” principle is to draw a square in front of the body, then divide it into four equally-sized square areas so as to withstand opponent's attack.The principle standard is below the eyebrow, narrower than the shoulders, and above the legs.In addition, the reason why Yongchun is a complete system of Wushu is that the hand training is often matched with routine plays.Yongchun, the unarmed combat, mainly forces opponents to close combat and make quick response with perception.Sticky training is to build up hands tactility to assume formlessness.Yongchun is forceful in real combat and involves tactical thinking and philosophy.