典型例题及解析
[例1]—How far is your school from here?
—Not very far.It’s about twenty______walk.
A.minute’s B.minutes’ C.minutes D.minute
【解析】答案B。此题考查名词所有格的构成及用法。选项中的名词minute和walk存在所有关系,因此必须用名词的所有格。名词所有格的’s也可以加在一个短语之后,若该短语最后一个名词的词尾是-s,则只加“’”。如:an hour’s ride,two weeks’ time。
[例2]Have you seen______at the foot of the hill?
A.any sheep B.some sheeps C.any sheeps D.some sheep
【解析】答案A。此题考查名词复数的特殊例子。sheep的单复数同形;any一般用在疑问句和否定句里,some用在肯定句里。
[例3]—Who is the man in the blue car?
—He is______father.
A.Kate’s and Mary’s B.Kate and Mary’s
C.Kate and Mary D.of Kate and Mary
【解析】答案B。本题考查名词所有格的构成及方法。两个并列的所有格,只给第二个名词加“’s”。
[例4]—Where is Tom?
— He’ s left a______saying that he has something important to do.
A.excuse B.message C.exercise D.news
【解析】答案B。此题考查名词的用法,由不定冠词a知道选项A、C不行,而news为不可数名词,故选B。
[例5]He had something to write down and asked me for______.
A.a paper B.some papers
C.some pieces of papers D.a piece of paper
【解析】答案D。此题考查不可数名词的用法。Paper作“纸”讲时是不可数名词,故A、B、C可排除。paper当“试卷”、“文件”讲时是可数名词。
[例6]I found her sitting in the corner,reading______newspaper,with______in her eyes.
A.a;tear B.a piece of;tears
C.a;tears D.a piece of;tear
【解析】答案C。newspaper和 tear均为可数名词,它们不仅可以连用不定冠词、可以用复数,而且还可以连用数词。
[例7]Her father works as a______in a hotel and her mother a______in a private company.
A.cooker;typewriter B.cook;typist
C.cooker;typist D.cook;typewriter
【解析】答案为B。cook=厨师,cooker=炊具;typist=打字员,typewriter=打字机。有些名词后加er表示某种工具。如:printer打印机,washer洗衣机,silencer消声器,copier复印机,receiver电话听筒。
[例8]“Why couldn’t they meet us at five o’clock?”
“Because they were delayed by______.”
A.heavy traffic B.heavy traffics
C.crowded traffic D.crowded traffics
【解析】答案A。traffic为不可数名词,没有复数形式,排除B和D。要表示汉语的“交通拥挤”,英语通常说heavy traffic。
[例9]In fact,______one cause that leads to the problem.
A.cattle is B.cattle are C.cattles are D.the cattles are
【解析】答案B。cattle(牲畜、牛)为集合名词,尽管它不带复数词尾-s,却表示复数意义,若用作主语,谓语要用复数形式。类似地,people(人),police(警察),poultry(家禽)等也具有同样用法。
[例10]By all______,you must try every______to help him.
A.mean;mean B.means;means
C.means;mean D.mean;means
【解析】答案B。means是一个单复数同形的名词,意思为方式或方法。此题,by all means为习语,意为“一定”、“尽一切办法”。
[例11]Jim is______person,and everyone is willing to be______with him.
A.so kind a;friends B.so a kind;friends
C.so kind a;friend D.so a kind;friend
【解析】 答案A。so kind a person相当于such a kind person,注意两者中冠词的位置不同。be friends with是习语,意为“与……友好”、“跟……做朋友”,与之同义的类似地还有make friends with。
[例12]We already have______pencils,but we need two______pens.
A.dozen of;dozen B.dozens of;dozens
C.dozens of;dozen D.dozens of;dozen of
【解析】答案C。当dozen与具体数字连用时,不加复数词尾-s;当它不与具体数字连用,而是表示不确定的泛指数时,则不仅要加复数词尾-s,而且要后接介词 of,此时可将dozens of(许多、几十)视为习语。如:
I’ve been there dozens of times.我去过那儿几十次。
She’s got dozens of boy friends.她的男朋友很多。