典型例题及解析
[例1]The next morning she found the man______in bed,dead.
A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying
【解析】答案A。find的宾语后面,用分词或分词短语,起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动,也表达正在进行,过去分词表达被动。
[例2]Charles Babbage is generally considered______the first computer.
A.to invent B.inventing
C.to have invented D.having invented
【解析】答案A。由be considered to do sth被认为做某事,排除B、D。此句只说明发明这一个事实,不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时,发明为点动词一般不用完成时,且此处也不强调对现在的影响,因此不选C。
[例3]The chair looks rather hard,but in fact it is very comfortable to______.
A.sit B.sit on C.be seat D.be sat on
【解析】答案B。如果不定式为不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时,常位于“形容词+动词不定式”结构的末尾。
[例4]— I usually go there by train.
— Why not______by boat for a change?
A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going
【解析】答案D。why not 后面接不带to 的不定式,因此选D。
[例5]Paul doesn’t have to be made______.He always works hard.
A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning
【解析】答案B。make后接不带to 的动词不定式,当其用于被动时,to 不可省略。相同用法的动词还有let,have,see等。
[例6]Tell him______the window.
A.to shut not B.not to shut C.to not shut D.not shut
【解析】答案B。tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth。
[例7]She pretended______me when I passed by.
A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen
【解析】答案A。pretend 后应接不定式。其否定形式为pretend not to do sth。
[例8]Mrs.Smith warned her daughter______after drinking.
A.never to drive B.to never drive
C.never driving D.never drive
【解析】答案A。warn sb to do sth的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth,此处用的是否定词never。
[例9]— The light in the office is still on.
— Oh,I forgot______.
A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off
【解析】答案C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用forget to do sth,而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了,而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。此外,remember to do sth记着要做某事(没做);remember doing sth记得做过了某事(做过)。
[例10]She reached the top of the hill and stopped______on a big rock by the side of the path.
A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest
【解析】答案C。由题意可知,她到了山顶,停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此,应选择“stop to do sth停下来去做另一件事”。stop doing sth表示停下正在做的事。
[例11]—You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
—Well,now I regret______that.
A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done
【解析】答案D。regret having done sth.对已发生的事感到遗憾。regret to do sth对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔,因此选D。
[例12]Tom ought not to______me your secret,but he meant no harm.
A.have told B.tell C.be telling D.having told
【解析】答案A。由于后句为过去时,告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因,此地应用过去完成时,但它在情态动词 ought to 后,所以用have told。
[例13]—Could I borrow your dictionary?
—Yes,of course,you______.
A.might B.will C.can D.should
【解析】答案C。could表示委婉的语气,并不为时态。答语中of course表示肯定的语气,允许某人做某事时,用can和 may来表达,不能用could或might。复习:will 与you连用,用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用,用来提出劝告。
[例14]—Shall I tell John about it?
—No,you______.I’ve told him already.
A.needn’t B.wouldn’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
【解析】答案A。needn’t 不必,不用。wouldn’t 将不,不会的。mustn’t 禁止、不能。shouldn’t不应该。本题为不需要、不必的意思,应用needn’t。
[例15]What Mr.White said sounds______.
A.friendly B.wonderfully C.pleasantly D.nicely
【解析】答案A。sound表示“听起来”,后面接形容词作表语,答案B、C、D均为副词。