常见的介词及用法
1.表示时间的介词:at,on,in,before,after,by,until,through,from since,within
(1)at:用于表示时刻、时间的某一点。
at noon at 3:15 at present
(2)on:用于星期、具体的某一时间。
on Sunday on Sunday morning on March 10,1997
(3)in:用于表示周﹑月﹑季节﹑年,泛指上午﹑下午﹑晚上。
in 1999 in November in summer in the afternoon
还可表示在……后(未来时间)
He will be back in an hour.他一小时后就会回来。
(4)before:在……之前
Please call me before 7 o’clock this evening.请在今天晚上七点之前给我打电话。
(5)after:在……之后
They went to France after liberation.他们解放后去了法国。
(6)by:在……前(时间),截止(到)……
By the time I arrived,she had already gone.在我到达之前,她已经走了。
(7)for:达……之久(表示过了多少时间),可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用,但经常和完成时连用。
They have been here for three days.他们已经待在这里三天了。
(8)during:在……期间
During breakfast time,he received two strange calls.早饭时间他接到两个陌生电话。
(9)through:一直……(从开始到结束)
He,who led the United States through these years,was shot on April 14,1865,at a theater in Washington.领导美国度过了这些年代的他,于1865年4月14日在美国华盛顿一家戏院里被人枪杀。
(10)from:从……起(时间)
The workers were made to work from 7 in the morning to 7 in the evening.工人们被迫从早7点工作到晚7点。
(11)since:自从……以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)
Since September,my eyes had never been very good.
从9月起,我的眼睛一直不是很好。
(12)within:不超过……的范围,在……范围内
He will come within an hour.他一小时内就到。
2.表示地点的介词:at,in,on,under,over,above,below,near,by,between,among,around,in front of,behind,to,out of,along,across through,for,from
(1)at:在某地点(表示比较狭窄的场所)
at school上学 at home在家 at 320 Xinfu District 在新抚区320号
at the station 在火车站 at hotel 在宾馆
(2)in:在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)
She will arrive in Shanghai at ten.10点她将到达上海。
(3)表示地点方向的on,under,over,above,below
1)on:在……上面,有接触面
on the table 在桌子上面
2)above:在……上方
Sometimes Juliana could hear planes above the trees.
有时朱莉安娜能听到树林上空的飞机声。
3)over:在……正上方,是under的反义词
Over these tombs,they built pyramids.在这些坟墓上,他们建起了金字塔。
4)under:在……下面,在……之内
They usually play chess under the tree.他们通常在树下面下象棋。
5)below:在……下方(不一定是正下方)
Please do not write below this line.请不要写在这条线下面。
(4)near,by
1)near:近的,不远的,还可以指时间,in the near future在不远的将来。
Green’s lake was a small lake near his home.
格林湖是他家附近的一个小湖。
2)by:在……旁边,比near的距离要近
The telephone is by the window.电话在窗户那儿。
(5)between,among,around
1)between:在两者之间
The differences between American English and British English are not very great.
美国英语和英国英语之间的差别不是很大。
2)among:在三者或者更多的之中
There are some American students among us.在我们中间有几个美国学生。
3)around:环绕,在……的周围,在……的四周
They arrived at a valley with high mountains all around it.
他们到达了四周有高山环绕的山谷。
(6)in front of,behind
1)in front of:在……的前面
There is a car in front of the house.房子前面有一辆小汽车。
2)behind:在……后边
Are there any cows behind the house?房子后面有一些牛吗?
(7)in,into,out of
1)in:在……之内,用于表示静止的位置
There are four girls in the room.房间里有4个女孩。
2)into:进入,用于表示有特定终点的运动方向,通常用于表示动作的动作之后。如:come,go,walk,jump,run
She took me from the hall into my classroom.
她把我从门厅带进我的教室里边去。
(8)along,across,through
1)along:沿着
Go along Zhongshan Road and turn right at the second crossing.
沿着中山路走然后在第二个十字路口向右拐。
2)across:横过(平面物体)
Very slowly,the continents are moving across the face of the world.
各个洲在地球表面缓缓漂移。
3)through:贯通,通过
The students walked through the gate with uncle Wang.
学生们随着王叔叔通过大门。
(9)to,for,from
1)到达……地点(目的地)或方向
Where’s Jack?He has gone to London.杰克上哪儿了?他去伦敦了。
2)for:表示目的,为了……
Do you know what he comes here for?你知道他为什么来这儿吗?
3)from:从……地点起
How far is it from London to New York?从伦敦到纽约有多远?
3.表示手段和材料的介词:with,in,by
(1)with
1)和……在一起
These plates keep moving,like great ships,carrying the continents with them.
这些板块载着各个大陆,像航船一样不断地漂移。
2)具有,带有
A person with good manners is always kind and polite.
有礼貌的人总是和和气气、彬彬有礼的。
3)用某种工具或方法
He could swim with some special swimming shoes.
穿着一些特制的游泳鞋,他能游泳。
(2)in:表示用什么材料(如:墨水、铅笔等)或用什么语言。表示衣着、声调特点时,不用with而用in。
What’s this in English?这个用英语怎么说?
(3)by:通过……方法,手段
What do you mean by the word“island”?“island”是什么意思?
I prefer traveling by train.我更喜欢乘火车旅行。
4.其他
(1)of,from
1)of 属于……的,表示……的数量或种类
It was the beginning of the term.这是学期开始的时候。
2)from:来自(某地,某人),以……起始
She is a lady from Canada.她是一位加拿大的女士。
(2)without,like,as
1)without:没有,是with的反义词
She often worked for twenty-four hours without rest.
她通常工作24小时而不休息。
2)like:像……一样
Like many children of her age,Ding Fang is a Young Pioneer.
像很多同龄的孩子一样,丁芳是个少先队员。
3)as:作为
They are carrying us as passengers.它们把我们当作乘客运载着。
4)against:反对;靠着
Everyone tried to fight against the locusts.所有的人奋力扑打蝗虫。
(3)about:
1)关于,各处,四周
Nightingale wrote a book about nursing.南丁格尔写了一部关于护理方面的书。
2)询问某人、某物的情况或提出建议
What about your family?你家里人怎么样?