附录2:3D打印发展大事记

传统制造业在地理上的分布基于比较优势的原则,并利用规模经济和福特式流水作业进行组织协调,而3D打印技术,虽然仍处于起步阶段,但是已经显示出其打破传统制造业的潜在能力。特别是对于像中国这样的仍处于技术追赶阶段的新兴经济体,如何利用这种新技术带来的挑战是一个重要问题。在灵活的组织,精细的定制以及强调软件平台和创新的设计思维等方面,都需要进行新的思考。对于正在找寻未来20年的机遇和挑战的中国企业家,学者和政策制定者,本书是一本必读的书。

3d printing, although still in its infant stage, has shown its potential capability to disrupt traditional manufacturing that is geographically distributed based on the rule of comparative advantage and organizationally coordinated utilizing the principles of economy of scale and Ford-style assembly-line. How to adopt to the challenge of this new technology is an important issue particularly for emerging economies like China that are still in the phase of technological catch-up.New thinkings need to be developed for fexible organization, fne-grained customization and design thinking with emphasis on software platform and creativity……This book is a must read for Chinese entrepreneurs, scholars and policy makers who are looking into the opportunities and challenges in the next 20 years.

王砚波美国波士顿大学商学院助理教授

Yanbo Wang Assistant Professor Boston University School of Management

3D打印技术被认为是21世纪最重要的制造技术之一。因其综合信息和分布式制造的双重能力,它有可能从根本上转变未来全球制造业竞争的范式。在世界各地的企业和企业家尝试新的商业模式之时,中国专家和政策制定者这一跨学科研究将为商业领袖和学者提供宝贵和重要的见解。衷心祝贺,深深敬意。

3D Printing is considered as one of the most significant manufacturing technologies of the 21st century. With its dual capacity of integrated information and distributed manufacturing, it has the potential to radically shift the paradigm of future global manufacturing competition.While enterprise and entrepreneurs around the world experiment with new business models, this interdisciplinary research by Chinese experts and policy makers from divers background should provide business leaders and scholars with valuable and critical insights.With hearty congratulations and deep respects.

金钟声美国波士顿大学管理学院运营和技术管理系副教授

Jay Kim, Ph. D.Associate Professor of Operations and Technology Management Boston

University School of Management

3D打印具有很强的潜力,是一个非常重要的新技术。它将使制造大众化,使用户能够在自己家里想象、创造、交换和打印新的物体和设备。新兴经济体可能会看到这种新技术影响传统制造企业而带来的颠覆性效果。对于那些在世界各地有兴趣全面介绍了3D打印技术的潜在经济效益的人,本书将是一本必读书。

3D printing has the strong potential to be an incredibly important new technology. It will enable the democratization of manufacturing, allowing users to imagine, create, trade and print new objects and devices in their own homes.Emerging economies could see disruptive effects from the impact of this new technology on traditional manufacturing businesses.This book will be a must read for those around the world interested in a comprehensive introduction to the potential economic consequences of 3D printing technology.

查克伊斯莱

斯坦福科技创业计划管理科学与工程系斯坦福大学摩根泰勒研究员、助理教授

Chuck Eesley

Assistant Professor, Morgenthaler Faculty Fellow

Management Science&Engineering Dept.

Stanford Technology Ventures Program Stanford University

3D打印技术拥有改变生产内容、生产方式,以及以生产成本的前景。包括航空航天和消费电子产品等一系列行业越来越多地在利用3D打印技术,更多行业则在评估其适用性。

因为3D打印技术在同一行业及不同行业间的扩散,传统生产模式可能因此而改变。对于生产制造业(包括劳动力市场)和消费,其后果将显而易见。这样的变化——通常被称为“破坏”——既有挑战也蕴含机遇,伴随着相关的分配结果。传统的制造业(和工人)可能面临显著压力,需要重新装备和获取新的技术设备,否则或将过时。反过来,未来的企业家则会因简便、(最终)速度,还有原型产品的成本降低而受益。这不仅提高了产品性能的创新,也可能是消费者的福音。

3D打印技术使一切变得更快、更便宜,其扩散和越来越多的运用指日可期。如此,理解这些机遇和挑战的本质、程度和分布后果至关重要。

3D printing technology holds the promise of changing what is produced and and how, as well as at what cost. A range of industries including aerospace and consumer products increasing avail themselves of such technology, with others assessing its applicability.

As 3D printing technology diffuses within and across industries, historical modes of production are likely to change as well. This will have signifcant ramifcations for manufacturing production(including labor markets)and consumption.Such change——often referred to as"disruption"——entails challenges and opportunities, with related distributional consequences.Traditional manufacturing(and workers)may face signifcant pressure to retool and acquire facility with new technologies or be rendered obsolete.Would-be entrepreneurs, in turn, may beneft by the ease,(eventual)speed, and reduced cost of prototyping products.This may also be a boon for consumers as well as innovation in manufactured products is increased.

As 3D printing technology becomes quicker and cheaper we can expect diffusion and increasing adoption. Understanding the nature, extent, and distribution consequences of opportunities and challenges is thus of paramount importance.

贾森·格林伯格纽约大学斯特恩管理学助理教授

Jason Greenberg NYU Stern Assistant Professor of Management

作为各种工业垂直市场的设计和制造平台,3D打印正在快速铺平道路;在未来动态的生态系统中,它也将为不同团队和组织协同工作创立新的国际准则。在中国从国家到地方的各种层面,从标准化到集成,从管理监管机构到实施新的或修改现有的指导方针和政策及其产业影响,本专著将为透视3D打印技术提供一个全新的全球视角。

3D printing is rapidly paving its way as an enabling designing and manufacturing platform for a variety of industrial verticals and, yet will set new international guidelines in how teams and organizations will work together in this ever dynamic ecosystem in the future. This monograph provides a comprehensive global perspective of 3D printing as it pertains to strategies of industrial impact from standardization to integration, governing regulatory bodies to implementation of new or modifcation of existing guidelines and policies to its effect on China at the local and national levels.

温斯顿·帕特里克·郭

哈佛大学口腔医学院发育生物学系助理教授,医学博士

哈佛大学医学院哈佛创新技术转化催化剂实验室主任

IES诊断首席营运官

Winston Patrick Kuo, DDS, **, DMSc

Assistant Professor, Department of Developmental Biology,

Harvard School of Dental Medicine

Director, Harvard Catalyst Laboratory for Innovative Translational Technologies,

Harvard Medical School,

Chief Operating Offcer, IES Diagnostics